Vaccination

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Vaccination

Vaccines and Immunization Practices recommended immunization of children until the age of 18 years based on the recent evidence of the licensed vaccines in the country.

  • Two doses of measles mumps rubella at 9 and 15 months of age, and no standalone measles vaccine at 9 months
  • Single dose administration of live attenuated H2 strain hepatitis A vaccine, or two doses of inactivated (killed) hepatitis A vaccine
  • New slot at 9-12 months for typhoid conjugate vaccine for primary immunization
  • Two doses of human papillomavirus vaccines with a minimum interval of 6 months between doses of primary schedule of adolescent/preadolescent girls aged 9-14 years.


List of vaccination as per Ages


Age Vaccines
Birth BCG, OPV 0, Hepatitis B -1
6 weeks IPV-1, DTwP-1, Hepatitis B -2, Hib -1, Rotavirus 1, PCV 1
10 weeks DTwP-2, IPV 2, Hib -2, Rotavirus 2, PCV 2
14 weeks DTwP-3 , IPV-3 , Hib -3, Rotavirus 3, PCV 3
6 months OPV 1, Hep B 3
9 months OPV 2, MMR-1
9-12 months Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine
12 months Hep-A 1
15 months MMR 2, Varicella 1, PCV Booster
16-18 months DTwP B 1 / DTaP booster -1, IPV B 1, Hib booster 1
18 months Hep-A 2
2 years Booster of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine
4 - 6 years DTwP B 2 / DTaP booster -2, OPV 3, MMR 3, Varicella 2,
10 - 12 years Tdap / Td, HPV (Only for females, three doses at 0, 1-2 and 6 months

    Abbreviations:

  • BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin
  • OPV: Oral poliovirus vaccine
  • DTwP: Diphtheria, tetanus, whole cell Pertussis
  • DT: Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids
  • TT: Tetanus toxoid
  • Hep B: Hepatitis B vaccine
  • MMR: Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine
  • Hib: Hemophilus influenzae Type ‘b’ Vaccine
  • IPV: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
  • Td: Tetanus, reduced dose diphtheria toxoid
  • HPV: Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine
  • PCV: Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine
  • TdaP: Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids and a Cellular Pertussis Vaccine


Frequently Asked Question(FAQ's)

Immunization is a way of protecting the human body against infectious diseases through vaccination. Immunisation prepares our bodies to fight against diseases in case we come into contact with them in the future.
Babies are born with some natural immunity which they get from their mother and through breastfeeding. This gradually wears off as the baby's own immune system starts to develop. Having your child immunized gives extra protection against illnesses which can kill.
Yes, definitely. Even if the baby is brought late for vaccinations, s/he should still receive all the vaccinations. While it is best to follow the ideal immunization schedule, on no account should the baby be denied vaccinations, even if s/he is brought late for them. But every attempt must be made to complete full immunization, before the age of 1 year
Only very few infants and children develop side effects after a vaccination. For example, after the DPT injection, the infant may have pain at the site of the injection and may even develop fever.
After the measles injection, measles like rashes may appear. These are normal. Very rarely, children can have allergic reactions straight after immunization. Also if the baby develops high fever or loses consciousness, a doctor should be consulted immediately. People giving immunizations are trained to deal with allergic reactions and if the child is treated quickly, he or she will recover fully.
No, a slight delay does not matter. Continue the vaccinations as per the schedule and complete the course as soon as possible. The child will be fully protected only after s/he has received 1 BCG injection. 3 DPT injections, 3 OPV doses and 1 measles injection. Hence it is very important to take the baby for the vaccination at the correct time and to make sure that all the vaccinations are given.
There are very few reasons why a child should not be immunized. Ordinarily common illnesses like a cold or a diarrhea are not impediments against getting the child vaccinated.

There are certain situations though, where you must let the doctor know of the child’s conditions. Following are some of them:
  • The child has a high fever
  • S/He has had a bad reaction to another immunization
  • S/He has had a severe reaction after eating eggs
  • S/Has had a convulsion (fits) in the past. (With the right advice, children who have had fits in the past can be immunized)
  • S/He has had, or is having, treatment for cancer
  • S/He has any illness which affects the immune system, for example, HIV or AIDS
  • S/He is taking any medicine which affects the immune system, for example, immunosuppressant (given after organ transplant or for malignant disease) or high-dose steroids.
Vaccines like all other medicines undergo extensive and rigorous tests regarding their safety. Only after they have been found to be safe that they are introduced for general vaccination programs. Each vaccine is continually checked even after it has been introduced and action is taken if it is needed. If a vaccine is not safe it is not used.
BCG is given on the left upper arm to maintain uniformity and for helping surveyors in verifying the receipt of the vaccine.
This is because the skin of newborns is thin and an intradermal injection of 0.1ml may break the skin or penetrate into the deeper tissue and cause local abscess and enlarged axillary lymph nodes.
Most children acquire natural clinical/ sub-clinical tuberculosis infection by the age of one year. This too protects against severe forms of childhood tuberculosis e.g. TB meningitis and miliary disease.
There is no need to revaccinate the child even if there is no scar.
OPV can be given to children till 5 years of age.
Yes.
Yes.
The DPT vaccine can be given until 2 years of age and OPV can be given till 5 years of age. If a child has received previous doses but not completed the schedule, do not restart the schedule and instead administer the remaining doses needed to complete the series.
If the child comes between 2 to 5 years without any vaccination, two doses of DT can be given with OPV with a minimum gap of 4 weeks (or one month). A single dose of measles vaccine also needs to be given with first dose of DT.
This is because decreasing the interval between two doses may interfere with the antibody response and protection.
DPT is given in the antero-lateral mid-thigh and not the gluteal region to prevent damage to the sciatic nerve. Moreover, the vaccine deposited in the fat of gluteal region does not invoke the appropriate immune response.
A child who is allergic to DPT or develops encephalopathy after DPT should be given the DT vaccine instead of DPT for the remaining doses, as it is usually the P (whole cell Pertussis) component of the vaccine which causes the allergy/encephalopathy.
Give 2 doses of TT during the pregnancy as per the schedule.
No, DPT and Hepatitis B vaccine (if supplied separately) cannot be mixed or administered through the same syringe.
According to the National Immunization Schedule, Hepatitis B vaccine should be given with the first, second and third doses of DPT till one year of age.
The birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine (within the first 24 hours) is effective in preventing peri-natal transmission of Hepatitis B.
The Measles vaccine is given on the right upper arm to maintain uniformity and to help surveyors in verifying the receipt of the vaccine.
Yes, the Measles vaccine needs to be administered, according to the National Immunization Schedule, after the completion of 9 months until 12 months of age. If not administered in the ideal age for Measles vaccine, it can be administered until 5 years of age.
No, currently this is a single dose vaccine and should not be repeated.
Yes, the child is eligible to receive a dose of the JE vaccine, through RI, till the age of 15 years.
A total of 9 prophylactic doses of vitamin A should be given till 5 years of age.
The minimum gap between any two doses of vitamin A should be 6 months.
Vitamin A syrup should be administered using only the spoon/dispenser provided with each bottle. The half mark in the spoon indicates 100,000 IU and a level full spoon contains 200,000 IU of Vitamin A.
A Vitamin A bottle, once opened, should be used within 6-8 weeks. Write the date of opening on the bottle.
These are promotion of
  • Early and exclusive breast feeding, including feeding of colostrum, rich in vitamin A.
  • Regular consumption of dark green leafy vegetables or yellow and orange fruits and vegetables like pumpkin, carrots, papaya, mango, oranges along with cereals and pulses to a weaning child
  • Consumption of milk, cheese, curd, ghee, eggs, liver etc.
Yes, all the due vaccines can be given during the same session but at different injection sites using separate AD syringes. It is safe and effective to give BCG, DPT, Hepatitis B, OPV and Measles vaccines and Vitamin A at the same time to a 9 months old child who has never been vaccinated.
At 9 months of age, the priority is to give measles vaccine with OPV and Vitamin-A.
The child should be given DPT1, OPV-1, Measles and 2ml of Vitamin A solution. It should then be given the second and third doses of DPT and OPV at one month intervals till 2 years of age. The Booster doses can be given at a minimum of 6 months after administering OPV3/DPT3.
Administer 200,000 IU of Vitamin A immediately after diagnosis, followed by another dose of 200,000 IU, 1-4 weeks later.
Vitamin A solution must be kept away from direct sunlight and can be used until the expiry date.


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